Friday, April 25, 2008

Maryhill Line
The Maryhill Line is a suburban railway line linking Glasgow and Anniesland via Maryhill in Scotland. It is part of the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport network. The line between Glasgow and Maryhill forms a part of the West Highland Line and was re-opened to stopping passenger services in 1993. In 2005 it was extended to Anniesland via a new station at Kelvindale in the north west of the city.
The route serves the following places:
Maryhill Line services connect with the Argyle and North Clyde Lines at Anniesland station.
The line is not electrified. Passenger services are operated by First ScotRail.
Maryhill Line Glasgow Queen Street
Ashfield
Possilpark and Parkhouse
Gilshochill
Summerston
Maryhill
Kelvindale
Anniesland

Thursday, April 24, 2008


Glasgow patter or Glaswegian is a dialect spoken in and around Glasgow, Scotland. Glasgow patter has evolved over the centuries amongst the working classes, Irish immigrants and passing seamen in the dockyards. The dialect is anglicised west central lowland Scots or Scottish English depending on viewpoint, and features a varied mix of typical Scots expressions and vocabulary, as well as some examples of rhyming slang, local cultural references and street slang.
The Patter is used widely in everyday speech in Glasgow, even occasionally in broadcasting and print. It often reflects the Glasgow sense of humour. 'The Patter', as with all dialects, is constantly evolving and updating itself, forever generating new euphemisms, as well as nicknames for well-known local figures and buildings.

Glasgow patterGlasgow patter Reference books
Michael Munro wrote a light-hearted yet accurate and informative guide to Glasgow Patter entitled The Patter, first published in 1985. With humorous illustrations by David Neilson, and later by Paisley-born artist and playwright John Byrne, the book became very popular in Glasgow and the rest of Scotland, and was followed up by The Patter - Another Blast in 1988, with The Complete Patter, an updated compendium of the first and second books, being published in 1996.
In the 1970s, Glasgow-born comedian Stanley Baxter famously parodied the patter on his television sketch show. "Parliamo Glasgow" was a spoof language teaching programme where Baxter played a language coach, with various scenarios using Glaswegian dialogue were played out for humorous effect.
In 1997, Jamie Stuart, a Church of Scotland elder from the High Carntyne Church, produced "A Glasgow Bible", relating some of the biblical tales in the Glaswegian vernacular.
Popular Scottish television comedies like Rab C. Nesbitt, Chewin' the Fat and Still Game also provide reference material, as well as having contributed popular new expressions to 'The Patter' themselves.

Wednesday, April 23, 2008


Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki (Latin: Laurentius Grimaldius Gosliscius; born between 1530 and 1540, died on October 31, 1607) was a Polish nobleman, Bishop of Poznań (1601-1607), political thinker and philosopher best known for his book De optimo senatore (1568; English translation: The Counsellor, 1598).
Born near Płock, after studying at Kraków's Jagiellonian University and at Padua and Bologna
He was an influence in the framing of Europe's first modern codified national constitution, and the world's second after the USA, the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791.

Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki See also

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
szlachta
sarmatism
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski
Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro

Tuesday, April 22, 2008


Vola Vale (February 12, 1897 - October 17, 1970) was a silent motion picture actress from Buffalo, New York. She was born Vola Smith.

Vola Vale Model
Vola was married for a time to film director and producer Al Russell. They had a son.
She was a member of Our Club, a group of seventeen of Hollywood's baby cinema stars. Mary Pickford served as honorary president. Fellow members were Mildred Davis, Helen Ferguson, Patsy Ruth Miller, Clara Horton, Gertrude Olmsted, Laura La Plante, Virginia Fox, Colleen Moore, ZaSu Pitts, Lois Wilson, May McAvoy, Gloria Hope, Virginia Valli, Carmel Myers, Edna Murphy, and Carmelita Geraghty
Vola Vale died in Hawthorne, California in 1970, aged 73, of heart disease. She is interred at the Roosevelt Memorial Park in Los Angeles County, California, USA.

Monday, April 21, 2008


The Los Angeles Kings are a professional ice hockey team based in Los Angeles, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). Founded on February 9, 1966, when Jack Kent Cooke was awarded an expansion franchise in Los Angeles,
The Kings' closest rival is the Anaheim Ducks, who play approximately thirty-five miles (56.3 km) to the south in Anaheim.

Franchise history
Prior to the Kings arrival in the Los Angeles area, both the Pacific Coast Hockey League (PCHL) and the Western Hockey League (WHL) had several teams in California, including the PCHL's Los Angeles Monarchs of the 1930s and the WHL's Los Angeles Blades of the 1960s.

The "Forum Blue and Gold" years (1967–68 to 1987–88)
In 1987, coin collector Bruce McNall purchased the Kings from Buss, and he turned the team into a Stanley Cup contender almost overnight on August 9, 1988, when he acquired the league's best player, Gretzky himself, in a blockbuster trade with the Oilers that rocked the hockey world, especially north of the border, where Canadians mourned the loss of a player they considered a national treasure. They were forced to trade many of their stronger players, resulting in a roster comprised of Gretzky, Blake and little else. The Kings missed the playoffs for four seasons, from 1993–94 to 1996–97.

Black and silver era (1988–89 to 1997–98)
Phillip Anschutz and Edward Roski bought the Kings out of bankruptcy court in October 1995 and began a rebuilding phase. Meanwhile, Gretzky, who was by this time on the downside of his career, stated publicly that he wanted the team to acquire a forward capable of scoring fifty goals per season and an offensive defenseman. If they failed to do that, he wanted to be traded to a team that was a legitimate Stanley Cup contender.
After all he had done for the game by that time, Gretzky wanted another chance to win an elusive fifth Stanley Cup before retirement. But his public statements forced the Kings' hand, since no team would now give them equal value in a trade because of his demands — the Kings would be at a huge disadvantage in any trade, and this would badly hurt their rebuilding program.
On February 27, 1996, Gretzky was traded, this time to the St. Louis Blues, for forwards Craig Johnson, Patrice Tardif, Roman Vopat, a first-round pick in the 1997 draft (Matt Zultek) and a fifth-round choice in the 1996 draft (Peter Hogan).
In the 2007–2008 off-season, the Kings signed six unrestricted free agents, including center Michal Handzus, left wings Ladislav Nagy and Kyle Calder, and defensemen Tom Preissing, Brad Stuart and Jon Klemm.
Like all NHL teams for the 2007-08 season, the Kings changed jerseys to new Rbk Edge jerseys. The Kings kept their logo, and only made two minor changes to the striping; the shoulder trim was curved to fit the new style and the bottom (purple) stripe was removed, with "Los Angeles" remaining along the bottom edge (silver was changed to purple lettering on the road jerseys, and silver lettering remained on the home jerseys).

Staples Center era (1998–present)
This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Kings. For the full season-by-season history, see Los Angeles Kings seasons
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses/Shootout losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes
As of the 2005-06 NHL season, all games will have a winner; the OTL column includes SOL (Shootout losses).

Los Angeles Kings Communications Department (2005). 2005–06 Los Angeles Kings Media Guide. Los Angeles Kings, 129, 210-211.  Season-by-season record

Notable players
As of February 7, 2008.

Current roster



Bob Wall, 1967-69
Larry Cahan, 1969-71
Bob Pulford, 1971-73
Terry Harper, 1973-75
Mike Murphy, 1975-81
Dave Lewis, 1981-83
Terry Ruskowski, 1983-85
Dave Taylor, 1985-89
Wayne Gretzky, 1989-96
Luc Robitaille, 1992-93
Rob Blake, 1996-2001
Mattias Norstrom, 2001-07
Rob Blake, 2007- present Hall of famers

16 Marcel Dionne, C, 1975-87, number retired November 8, 1990
18 Dave Taylor, LW/RW, 1977-94, number retired April 3, 1995
20 Luc Robitaille, LW, 1986-94, 1997-2001, & 2003-06, number retired January 20, 2007
30 Rogatien "Rogie" Vachon, G, 1972-78, number retired February 14, 1985
99 Wayne Gretzky, C, 1988-96, number retired by the league on February 6, 2000 and by the team on October 9, 2002 Retired numbers
As voted by the media and fans, an all time Kings team was selected to celebrate the club's 40th anniversary in the NHL The first and second teams were as follows:
Goalies: 1st team - Rogatien "Rogie" Vachon, 2nd team - Kelly HrudeyLos Angeles Kings Defensemen: 1st team - Rob Blake and Steve Duchesne, 2nd team - Larry Murphy and Bob Murdoch Centers: 1st team - Wayne Gretzky, 2nd team - Marcel Dionne Forwards: 1st team - Dave Taylor and Luc Robitaille, 2nd team, Charlie Simmer and Mike Murphy Coach: 1st team - Bob Pulford, 2nd team - Barry Melrose

All time Kings team



1967: Rick Pagnutti (1st overall)
1968: Jim McInally (7th overall)
1969: None
1970: None
1971: None
1972: None
1973: None
1974: None
1975: Tim Young (16th overall)
1976: None
1977: None
1978: None
1979: Jay Wells (16th overall)
1980: Larry Murphy (4th overall) & Jim Fox (10th overall)
1981: Doug Smith (2nd overall)
1982: None
1983: None
1984: Craig Redmond (6th overall)
1985: Craig Duncanson (9th overall) & Dan Gratton (10th overall)
1986: Jimmy Carson (2nd overall)
1987: Wayne McBean (4th overall)
1988: Martin Gelinas (7th overall)
1989: None
1990: Darryl Sydor (7th overall)
1991: None
1992: None
1993: None
1994: Jamie Storr (7th overall)
1995: Aki Berg (3rd overall)
1996: None
1997: Olli Jokinen (3rd overall) & Matt Zultek (15th overall)
1998: Mathieu Biron (21st overall)
1999: None
2000: Alexander Frolov (20th overall)
2001: Jens Karlsson (18th overall) & Dave Steckel (30th overall)
2002: Denis Grebeshkov (20th overall)
2003: Dustin Brown (13th overall), Brian Boyle (26th overall), & Jeff Tambellini (27th overall)
2004: Lauri Tukonen (11th overall)
2005: Anze Kopitar (11th overall)
2006: Jonathan Bernier (11th overall) & Trevor Lewis (17th overall)
2007: Thomas Hickey (4th overall) First-round draft picks
These are the top-ten point-scorers in franchise history. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season.
Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; * = current Kings player

Franchise scoring leaders
Clarence S. Campbell Bowl
Art Ross Trophy
Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy
Calder Memorial Trophy
Hart Memorial Trophy
James Norris Memorial Trophy
King Clancy Memorial Trophy
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy
Lester B. Pearson Award
Lester Patrick Trophy
NHL Plus/Minus Award



1992–93
Marcel Dionne: 1979–80
Wayne Gretzky: 1989–90, 1990–91, 1993–94
Butch Goring: 1977–78
Bob Bourne: 1987–88
Dave Taylor: 1990–91
Luc Robitaille: 1986–87
Wayne Gretzky: 1988–89
Rob Blake: 1997–98
Dave Taylor: 1990–91
Marcel Dionne: 1976–77
Butch Goring: 1977–78
Wayne Gretzky: 1990–91, 1991–92, 1993–94
Marcel Dionne: 1978–79, 1979–80
Terry Sawchuk: 1970–71
Bruce McNall: 1992–93
Wayne Gretzky: 1993–94
Marty McSorley: 1990–91 (shared with Theoren Fleury of the Calgary Flames) NHL awards and trophies

Most Goals in a season: Bernie Nicholls, 70 (1988–89)
Most Assists in a season: Wayne Gretzky, 122 (1990–91)
Most Points in a season: Wayne Gretzky, 168 (1988–89)
Most Points in a game: Bernie Nicholls, 8 (1988–89)
Most Penalty Minutes in a season: Marty McSorley, 399 (1992–93)
Most Points in a season, defenseman: Larry Murphy, 76 (1980–81)
Most Points in a season, rookie: Luc Robitaille, 84 (1986–87)
Most Wins in a season: Mario Lessard, 35 (1980–81)
Most Shutouts in a season: Rogie Vachon, 8 (1976–77) Franchise individual records

General managers

1967 NHL Expansion
List of NHL players
List of NHL seasons

Sunday, April 20, 2008

Richter scale
The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude ML scale, assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake. It is a base-10 logarithmic scale obtained by calculating the logarithm of the combined horizontal amplitude of the largest displacement from zero on a seismometer output. Measurements have no limits and can be either positive or negative.

Richter magnitudes

Saturday, April 19, 2008


University of Reading
The University of Reading is a leading university in the English town of Reading, Berkshire.
Established in 1892, receiving its Royal Charter in 1926, the University has a long tradition of research, education and training at a local, national and international level. It was awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education in 1998, and again in 2005.
With around 3,000 international students from 120 countries, the university adds considerably to Reading's dynamic.

History
The University maintains over 1.6 km² (395 acres) of grounds, in three distinct campuses:
Whiteknights Campus, at 1.23 km² (304 acres), is the largest and includes Whiteknights Lake, conservation meadows and woodlands as well as most of the University's departments. The campus takes its name from the nickname of the 13th century knight, John De Erleigh IV or the 'White Knight', and was landscaped in the 18th century by Marquis of Blandford. The main University library, in the middle of the campus, holds nearly a million books and subscribes to around 4,000 periodicals.
The smaller London Road Campus is the original University site and is much closer to the town centre of Reading. Moreover, it plays host to the University graduation ceremonies at the Great Hall and is still home to the School of Continuing Education.
The Bulmershe Court Campus in Woodley is home to the Institute of Education and the School of Health and Social Care. It also has the largest hall of residence of the University.
The University also owns 8.5 km² (2100 acres) of farmland in the nearby villages of Arborfield, Sonning and Shinfield. These support a mixed farming system including dairy cows, ewes and beef animals, and host research centres of which the flagship is the Centre for Dairy Research.

Reading University Campuses
The university had a research income of almost £24.5 million in 2003-4, of which around 10 percent of annual research income derived from industrial or commercial sponsors. Over £2 million of funding has been secured in 2004 for business development and the commercial activities at the University.
In the Research Assessment Exercise in 2001, five departments were awarded the top rate of 5* - Archaeology, English, Italian, Meteorology and Psychology and fifteen departments were awarded the rating of 5. The Department of Meteorology was awarded a distinguished Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education in 2005 and is internationally renowned for its training and research in weather, climate and physical oceanography. Research centres include the Centre for Horticulture and Landscape, the BioCentre and the Centre for Advanced Microscopy.
Reading was the first university to win a Queen's Award for Export Achievement in 1989. Since then several initiatives to link the academic and commercial communities have followed. Reading Enterprise Hub, one of a network of SEEDA sponsored business incubators, opened on campus in 2003.

Research and Business Development
The major aim of the Centre for Advanced Computing and Emerging Technologies (ACET) is to demonstrate and promote new ways of doing multidisciplinary research based on the approach of "scientific discovery through advanced computing".

ACET Centre
In the 2004–05 academic year, the university had 4,024 staff and 15,326 students. The best known member of the university community is probably the cyberneticist Professor Kevin Warwick.
Reading University Students' Union is the affiliated student organisation which represents the students' interests. The Students' Union publishes Spark, a bi-weekly newspaper aimed at the student population of the University, which was weekly until October 2006 (it is now published fortnightly during term-time). The university also has a number of Junior Common Rooms that are nominally independent from the Students' Union and the University.
The Students' Union building on Whiteknights Campus contains an 1800 capacity venue, two bars, a number of retail outlets, and The HUB. The HUB is the Union's new volunteer, advice, student activity centre.

Community
Student accommodation is provided in a number of halls of residence offering a good mix of partially-catered (under review) and self-catering accommodation, along with other self-catering accommodation. Most of the halls of residence lie close to the northern campus periphery and in residential areas close by.
Bulmershe Hall is located on the Bulmershe Campus. Bridges, Childs, Wessex, Whiteknights, and Windsor Halls are located on the Whiteknights Campus. St. George's, St. Patrick's, Sherfield, Sibly, Wantage, and Wells Halls are located in the residential areas surrounding Whiteknights, as is the self-catering accommodation of the Reading Student Village, Hillside Court and Martindale Court.
St. David's and Mansfield Halls latterly formed part of Witan Hall (see below) on the London Road Campus, and are not currently in use. The former St. Andrews Hall closed in 2001, and is now the home of the Museum of English Rural Life.
St. George's Hall and The Reading Student Village are leased back to the University from UJC. The cost of leasing back the Student Village to the University, according to the University accounts, was £1.5 million for 2003–04 and £1.3 million in 2002–03.

University Halls and accommodation
The University is successful at a number of sports, including rowing, tennis, hockey, and squash. In particular, they are highly successful at Rowing and the Reading University Boat Club has won many awards and competitions, its most recent BUSA placing being second on points at the 2007 BUSA Regatta. The club won the Visitors Challenge Cup for coxless fours at Henley Royal Regatta in 1986, and reached the final of the same event in 2007, where they were defeated by local rivals Leander Club. RUBC attracts many international oarsmen through its links with the GB Squad training facility at Caversham Lake and the GB Rowing World Class Scheme. Current and past students to acheive international representation and success include James Cracknell (Olympic Gold 2000, 2004), Gary Herbert (Olympic Gold 1992), Debbie Flood (Olympic Silver 2004, World Championship Gold 2006, 2007), Tash Page (Under 23 Gold 2005), Anna Bebington (World Championship Bronze 2007), Sam Townsend (GB Men's Quad 2007), Alex Gregory (GB Men's Quad 2007), Bill Lucas (Under 23 Bronze 2007) and Charles Cousins (Under 23 Bronze 2007). The Boat Club has been the highest ranked university club at the Fuller's Head of The River Fours for the last two years, with its Elite Men's boat finishing 4th Overall in 2006 and 3rd in 2007. In 2007, the Men's Association Football team became the highest placed in University history by winning the BUSA South East Division 1A Title and entering the BUSA Cup as one of the top 16 teams in the country. In 2007 the Men's Hockey 1st XI won the renowned British universities sports tournament, Dublin Fest.

Sport
The University of Reading has 60 societies open to its students
See full article for the full listing

Societies Full Article
Junction11 is the student radio station at The University of Reading.

Student Radio
Reading University maintains four museums and a botanical garden. The largest and best known of these is the Museum of English Rural Life, which has recently relocated from a location on Whiteknights Campus to a site nearer the town centre on the London Road Campus. The Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology, the Cole Museum of Zoology, the University of Reading Herbarium and the Harris Garden are all located on the Whiteknights Campus.

Museums and botanical gardens
Formerly associated with Reading University was Gyosei International College, a Japanese/British bi-cultural institution established on part of the University's original London Road Campus. Subsequently the college's links with the Japan-based Gyosei organisation were broken, and it became a charitably funded institution called Witan Hall. Recently this has in turn been purchased by the University of Reading, and has ceased student recruitment and will finally close in March 2008.
The University of Reading Law faculty is also associated with Taylors College in Malaysia. Taylors College conducts a 'twinning' program whereby students complete half of their degree in Malaysia and the other half at the University of Reading. Malaysian Law students in Reading generally achieve a second class upper average, and have set a high standard for Malaysian Law students.
Located on Reading University's Whiteknights campus is The College of Estate Management (CEM). The College was founded in 1919 and granted its Royal Charter in 1922. It was originally based in London but moved to Reading in 1969, leading to the foundation of the Faculty of Urban and Regional Studies (URS) at the University. The College provides education and training for students and members of the property and construction professions worldwide through distance learning. Courses are delivered by the provision of printed material sent to students by post and through web-based learning.
The Walker Institute, a pioneering centre for climate research, is based at the University of Reading. The Institute aims to exploit and integrate the climate expertise within the University and to address fundamental questions in understanding and forecasting climate variability and its impacts.

Reading University Governance
The university is nominally led by a Chancellor, who is the titular head of the university, and is normally a well known public figure. The day to day chief executive role is the responsibility of the Vice-Chancellor, a full time academic post. The senior management board of the university is headed by the Vice-Chancellor, assisted by a Deputy-Vice-Chancellor, three Pro-Vice-Chancellors, four Deans and five Heads of Directorate. It is responsible for the day-to-day management of the University and meets fortnightly throughout most of the year.

Officers of the University
Politicians
Mathematicians/Scientists
Musicians
Sportspeople
Broadcasters
Writers/Artists
Others
Fictional alumni

Anton Apriantono - food technology scientist, serving as Indonesia's Minister of Agriculture since 2004
Edison James - Prime Minister of Dominica 1995-2000, Leader of the Opposition, 1990-1995 and 2000-2007.
Mike Penning - Conservative Member of Parliament for the Hemel Hempstead parliamentary constituency.
Rob Wilson - Conservative Member of Parliament for the Reading East parliamentary constituency
Sir Peter Crane - Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
E. A. Guggenheim - thermodynamicist and chemist
Dragan Marušič - Slovene mathematician
A. E. Wilder-Smith - creationist and chemist
Roger Wayman - chemist and publisher
Roger Stewart - Physicist
Dennis Dunn - Physicist
Arthur Brown - rock and roll singer
Jamie Cullum - jazz pianist and singer
Hilary James - singer, double bassist, guitarist, and mando-bassist
Simon Mayor - mandolinist, fiddle player, guitarist, and composer
Martin Noble - musician, Noble in the band British Sea Power.
Scott Wilkinson - musician, Yan in the band British Sea Power.
James Cracknell - rowing champion and double Olympic gold medallist.
Debbie Flood - rowing champion, quadruple sculls silver medallist at the 2004 Olympics.
Gary Herbert - rowing He won Olympic gold with Greg and Jonny Searl in the coxed pair in Barcelona 1992 Olympics.
Molly Hide, captained English women's cricket team for seventeen years
Julian Barratt - comedian from BBC's The Mighty Boosh
Keith Bosley - former BBC broadcaster and prizewinning poet and translator
Richard Holmes - noted military historian and television presenter
Kaddy Lee-Preston, TV weather presenter.
Julian Richards - archaeologist and broadcaster
Richard Sambrook - Director of the BBC World Service
Tomasz Schafernaker, TV weather presenter.
Jay Wynne, TV weather presenter.
Robert Gillmor - ornithologist, artist, illustrator, author and editor
Joan Smith - novelist and journalist
Richard Wilson - installation artist
Eve Balfour - farmer, educator, organic farming pioneer, and a founding figure in the organic movement
Azahari Husin - leading member of the Jemaah Islamiyah group, believed to have been involved in the 2005 Bali bombing
Robin Bextor - award-winning film and television director, and father of Sophie Ellis Bextor.
Clive Ponting - civil servant who faced trial for the leaking information on the sinking of the Belgrano, during the Falklands War.
Arnold Baffin - novelist character in The Black Prince by Iris Murdoch
Blaise Gavender - psychologist and former Reading psychology lecturer in The Sacred and Profane Love Machine by Iris Murdoch