Etymology
Dounreay Nuclear Power Development Establishment was established in 1955 primarily to pursue the UK Government policy of developing fast breeder reactor (FBR) technology. The site was operated by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA). Three nuclear reactors were built there by the UKAEA, two of them FBRs plus a thermal research reactor used to test materials for the program, and also fabrication and reprocessing facilities for the materials test rigs and for fuel for the FBRs.

Dounreay Nuclear Power Development Establishment
The first of the Dounreay reactors to achieve criticality was the Dounreay Materials Test Reactor (DMTR), in May 1958. This reactor was used to test the performance of materials under intense neutron irradiation, particularly those intended for fuel cladding and other structural uses in a fast neutron reactor core. Test pieces were encased in uranium-bearing alloy to increase the already high neutron flux of the DIDO class reactor, and then chemically stripped of this coating after irradiation. DMTR was closed in 1969, when materials testing work was consolidated at Harwell Laboratory.

DMTR
The second reactor to achieve criticality (although the first to commence construction) was the Dounreay Fast Reactor (DFR), which came on-line in November 1959, producing an electrical output of 14 MWe. This power was exported to the National Grid from 14 October 1962 until the reactor was taken offline for decommissioning in 1977. During its operational lifespan, DFR produced over 600 million kWh of electricity.
DFR was a loop-type FBR cooled by primary and secondary NaK circuits, with 24 coolant loops, and fueled with uranium oxide.

DFR
The third and final UKAEA-operated reactor to be built on the Dounreay site was the Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR), which achieved criticality in 1974 and began supplying National Grid power in January 1975. The output of PFR was 250 MWe. The reactor was taken offline in 1994, marking the end of nuclear power generation at the site. PFR was a pool-type FBR, cooled by liquid sodium and fueled with MOX.

PFR
Since the reactors have all been shut down, care and maintenance of old plant and decommissioning activities have meant that Dounreay has still retained a large work-force. Commercial reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and waste was stopped by the UK government in 1998 although some waste is still accepted from other nuclear facilities in special circumstances.

Subsequent activity
On 1 April 2005 the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) became the owner of the site, with the UKAEA remaining as operator. Decommissioning of Dounreay is planned to bring the site to an interim care and surveillance state by 2036, and as a brownfield site by 2336, at a total cost of £2.9 billion [1].
Apart from decommissioning the reactors, reprocessing plant, and associated facilities, there are five main environmental issues to be dealt with:
Historically much of Dounreay's nuclear waste management was poor. On 18 September 2006, Norman Harrison, acting chief operating officer, predicted that more problems will be encountered from old practices at the site as the decommissioning effort continues. Some parts of the plant are being entered for the first time in 50 years.[5]
In 2007 UKAEA pleaded guilty to four charges under the Radioactive Substances Act 1960 relating to activities between 1963 and 1984, one of disposing of radioactive waste at a landfill site at the plant between 1963 and 1975, and three of allowing nuclear fuel particles to be released into the sea,[6][7] resulting in a fine £140,000.[8]

A 65-metre deep shaft used for intermediate level nuclear waste disposal is contaminating some groundwater, and is threatened by coastal erosion in about 300 years time. The shaft was never designed as a waste depository, but was used as such on a very ad-hoc and poorly monitored basis, without reliable waste disposal records being kept. In origin it is a relic of a process by which a waste-discharge pipe was constructed. The pipe was designed to discharge waste into the sea. Historic use of the shaft as a waste depository has resulted in one hydrogen gas explosion [2] caused by sodium and potassium wastes reacting with water. At one time it was normal for workers to fire rifles into the shaft to sink polythene bags floating on water.[3] There are fears that accumulated material might represent a potential critical mass
Irradiated nuclear fuel particles on the seabed near the plant, estimated about 10,000 in number. Some are being washed ashore, including as of 2006 about 70 smaller particles on the public Sandside Bay beach and one at a popular tourist beach at Dunnet. [4] The way these particles escaped the site has not been determined, there are several plausible possibilities. The risk to the public is considered low.
18,000 cubic metres of radiologically contaminated land, and 28,000 cubic metres of chemically contaminated land.
1,350 cubic metres of high and medium active liquors and 2,550 cubic metres of unconditioned intermediate level nuclear waste in store.
1,500 tonnes of sodium, 900 tonnes of this radioactively contaminated from the Prototype Fast Reactor. Nuclear Decommissioning Authority ownership
The Vulcan Naval Reactor Test Establishment (NRTE) is a Ministry of Defence (MoD) establishment housing the prototype nuclear propulsion plants of the type operated by the Royal Navy in its submarine fleet.
For over 40 years Vulcan has been the cornerstone of the Royal Navy's nuclear propulsion program, testing and proving the operation of four generations of reactor core and currently testing its fifth. Its reactors have significantly led the operational submarine plants in terms of operation hours, proving systems, procedures and safety.
Rolls-Royce, who design and procure all the reactor plants for the Royal Navy from their Derby headquarters, operate Vulcan on the behalf of the MoD and employ around 280 staff there, lead by a small team of staff from the Royal Navy.
The cost of decommissioning NRTE facilities when they become redundant, including nuclear waste disposal, was estimated at £2.1 billion in 2005. [9]

Vulcan NRTE
The first reactor, PWR1, is known as Dounreay Submarine Prototype 1 (DSMP1). The reactor plant was recognised by the Royal Navy as one of Her Majesty's Submarines (HMS) and was commissioned as HMS Vulcan in 1963, though it did not go critical until 1965. HMS Vulcan is a Rolls-Royce PWR 1 reactor plant and tested Cores A, B and Z before being shutdown in 1984. In 1987 the plant was re-commissioned as LAIRD (Loss of Coolant Accident Investigation Rig Dounreay) a non-nuclear test rig, the only one of its kind in the world. LAIRD trials simulated loss of coolant accidents to prove the effectiveness of systems designed to protect the reactor in loss of coolant accident.The plant was decommissioned in 1992 after more than 250 separate trials and a total of 27 years successful operation.

Shore Test Facility (STF)

Atomic Energy Research Establishment
Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
Energy policy of the United Kingdom
Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom

The Overland Trail was a pioneer trail beginning at several different points.
The Overland Trail followed the Platte River and the Sweetwater River in the Nebraska Territory across the plains to the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains. There it crossed the Continental Divide, eventually splitting near Fort Hall. Between 1840 and 1860 more than a quarter of a million emigrants (immigrants) used a variety of transportation, including stagecoaches and covered wagons, to make the trek.

Classical logic identifies a class of formal logics that have been most intensively studied and most widely used. They are characterised by a number of properties

Law of the excluded middle and Double negative elimination;
Law of noncontradiction;
Monotonicity of entailment and Idempotency of entailment;
Commutativity of conjunction;
De Morgan duality: every logical operator is dual to another. Examples of classical logics

Aristotle's Organon introduces his theory of syllogisms, which is a logic with a restricted form of judgments: assertions take one of four forms, All Ps are Q, Some Ps are Q, No Ps are Q, and Some Ps are not Q. These judgments find themselves if two pairs of two dual operators, and each operator is the negation of another, relationships that Aristotle summarised with his square of oppositions. Aristotle explicitly formulated the law of the excluded middle and law of non-contradiction in justifying his system, although these laws cannot be expressed as judgments within the syllogistic framework.
George Boole's algebraic reformulation of logic, his system of Boolean logic;
The first-order logic found in Gottlob Frege's Begriffsschrift.

Interbellum

Main article: Battle of the Netherlands German invasion
The invasion resulted in 7,500 dead, missing or wounded Dutch soldiers and the deaths of over 900 civilians. The German army lost 4,000 men, suffered 3,000 wounded and 700 troops reported missing, and 1,400 were captured and shipped to Britain.
Initially the Dutch expected to be liberated quickly by the Allied armies, who were expected to drive the Germans back. This did not happen, however. The Allied armies stationed in northern France were forced to evacuate Dunkirk for Britain, and those that remained surrendered as Germany won the Battle of France. The Dutch now knew the Nazi occupation would not be temporary.
Shortly after the German victory, the Dutch government led by Prime Minister Dirk Jan de Geer was invited by the Germans to return to the country and collaborate with Nazi forces, as the Vichy France had government agreed to do. De Geer wanted to accept this invitation but Queen Wilhelmina did not approve it, and dismissed De Geer in favor of Pieter Gerbrandy, who wanted continue fighting, as the new leader.

Aftermath of the invasion

German occupation
Following the refusal of the Dutch government to return, the Netherlands was controlled by a German civilian governor—unlike France, Denmark and Norway, which had their own governments, or Belgium, which was placed under German military control. The civil government was headed by the Austrian Nazi Arthur Seyss-Inquart. The German occupiers implemented a policy of Gleichschaltung ("enforced conformity"), which was characterized by the systematic elimination of non-Nazi organizations. This was an enormous shock to Dutch society because of decades of pillarisation, which meant that nearly every social group (for example socialists, liberals, Catholics and Protestants) had its own institutions. The Roman Catholic Church and some Socialist parties fiercely opposed these actions. All Roman Catholics were urged in 1941 by Dutch bishops to leave associations that had been Nazified. The policy was a complete failure, mainly due to the war and because of the economic situation in the Netherlands. The national-socialist ideology was alien to the approach of different Dutch ideologies in which humanism was the most important element.

Gleichschaltung
Another aim of the German occupiers was to dissolve the Dutch nation and make it part of a greater Germanic, or Aryan, one. The German officials, including those of the SS, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, and Adolf Hitler himself regarded the Dutch as part of the Aryan Herrenvolk.

Position of the Dutch within the Nazi ideology
Shortly after it was established, the military regime began to persecute the Jews of the Netherlands. In 1940, there were no deportations and only small measures were taken against the Jews. In February 1941, the Nazis deported a small group of Dutch Jews to the concentration camp Mauthausen. The Dutch reacted with the February strike as a nationwide protest against the deportations, unique in the history of Nazi-occupied Europe. Although the strike did not accomplish much—its leaders were executed—it was a major setback for Seyss-Inquart as he had planned to both deport the Jews and to win the Dutch over to the Nazi cause. As a reaction to the February strike, the Nazis installed that same month a Jewish Council: a board of Jews who served as an instrument for organising the identification and deportation of Jews more efficiently, while the Jews on the council were told and convinced they were helping the Jews. In May 1942, the Nazi leaders ordered Dutch Jews to wear the Star of David. Around the same time the Roman Catholic Church of the Netherlands publicly condemned the government's action in a letter read at all Sunday parish services. Thereafter, the Nazi government treated the Dutch more harshly: notable socialists were imprisoned, and, later in the war, Roman Catholic priests, including Titus Brandsma, were deported to concentration camps. In 1942, a transit camp was built near Westerbork by converting an existing internment camp for immigrants; at Vught and Amersfoort the Germans built concentration camps as well.

Persecution of Jews
Of the 140,000 Jews that had lived in the Netherlands prior to 1940, only 30,000 survived the war. This high death toll had a number of reasons. One was the excellent state of Dutch civil records: the Dutch state, prior to the war, had recorded substantial information on every Dutch national. This allowed the Nazi regime to easily determine who was Jewish (whether fully or partly of Jewish ancestry) simply by accessing the data.
Another factor was the disbelief of both the Dutch public as a whole and the Dutch Jews themselves. Most could not believe that the Jews would be subjected to genocide and sent to death camps. This meant the Jews needed to hide in others' homes, but that was punishable by death. Despite the risks, many Dutch people helped Jews. One-third of the people who hid Jews did not survive the war.

High Jewish death toll
Arbeitseinsatz—the drafting of civilians for forced labour—was imposed on the Netherlands. This obliged every man between 18 and 45 to work in German factories, which were bombed regularly by the western Allies. Those who refused were forced into hiding. As food and many other goods were taken out of the Netherlands, rationing (with ration cards) became a way of controlling the population. Anyone who violated German laws, such as hiding or hiding another, automatically lost his or her food ration.
The Atlantic Wall, a gigantic coastal defence line built by the Germans along the entire European coast from southwestern France to Denmark and Norway, included the coastline of the Netherlands. Some towns, such as Scheveningen, were evacuated because of this. In The Hague, 3,200 houses were demolished and 2,594 were dismantled. 20,000 houses were cleared, and 65,000 people were forced to move. The Arbeitseinsatz also included forcing the Dutch to work on these projects, but a passive form of resistance took place here by working slowly or poorly.
For the resistance to succeed, it was sometimes necessary for its members to feign collaboration with the Germans. After the war this led to difficulties for those who pretended to collaborate when they could not prove they had been in the resistance —something that was difficult because it was in the nature of the job to keep it a secret.

Oppression
Not all Dutch offered active or passive resistance against the German occupation. Some Dutch men and women chose or were forced to collaborate with the German regime or joined the German army (which usually would mean being placed in the Waffen-SS).

Collaboration

Main article: National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands Nationaal Socialistische Beweging
Between 20,000 and 25,000 Dutchmen served in the Heer and the Waffen-SS. The most notable formations were the 4th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Brigade Nederland which saw action exclusively on the Eastern Front and the SS Volunteer Grenadier Brigade Landstorm Nederland which fought in Belgium and the Netherlands.
The Nederland brigade distinguished itself on the Eastern Front during the Battle of Narva (1944), with several troopers receiving the Knight's Cross, Nazi Germany's highest award for bravery.

Dutch volunteers in the German army

Main article: Dutch Resistance The final year
By the end of the war 205,900 Dutch men and women had died. The Netherlands had the highest per capita death rate of all Nazi-occupied countries in Western Europe, 2.36%.

Casualties
On January 10, 1942 the Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Dutch naval ships joined forces with the Allies to form the ABDA fleet (American-British-Dutch-Australian fleet) commanded by Dutch admiral Karel Doorman. On February 27 and 28, 1942, Admiral Doorman was ordered to take the offensive against the Japanese. His objections on the matter were overruled. The ABDA fleet finally encountered the Japanese surface fleet at the Battle of the Java Sea, at which Doorman gave the order to engage. During the ensuing battle the ABDA fleet suffered heavy losses. The Dutch cruisers Java and De Ruyter were lost, together with the destroyer Kortenaer. The other allied cruisers, the Australian Perth, the British Exeter and the American Houston tried to disengage but were spotted by the Japanese in the following days and eventually destroyed. According to legend, Doorman, gave the order to attack were Ik val aan, volg mij! ("I am attacking, follow me!"); in reality, the order was "All ships follow me."
After Japanese troops had landed on Java and the KNIL had been unsuccesful in stopping their advance (due to the Japanese ability to occupy a relatively unguarded airstrip) the Dutch forces on Java surrendered on March 1 1942. Dutch soldiers were imprisoned in labour camps, though some were executed on the spot. Later all Dutch, including civilians, were captured and sent to camps, some were deported to Japan or set to work on the Thai-Burma Railway.
Dutch submarines escaped and resumed the fight on with the Allies. As a part of the Allied forces, they were on the hunt for Japanese oil transports to Japan and the movement of Japanese troops and weapons to other sites of battle (including New Guinea). Because of the large amount of Dutch submarines active in this theatre of the war, the Dutch were named the Fourth Ally in this area.
Several Dutch army and navy pilots also escaped, and, with Dutch aircraft purchased from the United States, formed Royal Australian Air Force No. 18 Squadron (B-25 Mitchells) and No. 120 Squadron (P-40 Kittyhawks). These squadrons helped to defend Australia from the Japanese and participated in the eventual liberation of the Netherlands East Indies.
Gradually, control of the Netherlands East Indies was wrested away from the Japanese. The largest Allied invasion took place in July 1945 with Australian landings on the island of Borneo, ostensibly to seize the strategic oilfields from the now cut-off Japanese forces. However, the Japanese had already begun independence negotiations with Indonesian nationalists such as Sukarno, and Indonesian forces had themselves taken over control of a sizable portion of Sumatra and Java. The Japanese surrender on August 15, 1945 precipitated outright conflict between British, Dutch, Australian and American forces on one side and Indonesian forces on the other.

Dutch East Indies and the war against Japan
After the war some who were thought to have collaborated with the Germans were lynched or otherwise punished without a trial. Men who had fought with the Germans in the Wehrmacht or Waffen-SS were used to clear minefields and suffered losses accordingly. Others were sentenced by the Ministry of Justice. Some were proven to have been wrongly arrested and were cleared of charges, sometimes after having been in custody for a long period of time.
The Dutch government initially developed plans to annex a sizable portion of Germany, either with or without German population — which in the latter case would have to be 'Dutchified' — doubling the land area of the Netherlands. This plan was dropped after an Allied refusal (although two small villages were added to the Netherlands). One successfully-implemented plan was Black Tulip, the deportation of all holders of German passports in the Netherlands and several thousand Germans were deported in this way.
The bank balances of Dutch Jews who were killed are still the subject of trials today, more than half a century later.
The end of the war also meant the final loss of the Dutch East Indies. Following the surrender of the Japanese in the Dutch East Indies, Indonesian nationalists fought a four-year war of independence against Dutch and British Commonwealth forces, eventually leading to the Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia. Many Dutch and Indonesians emigrated or returned to the Netherlands at this time, and their presence has resulted in a lasting Indonesian influence in Dutch culture and cuisine.
World War II has left many trails on Dutch society. On May 4, the Dutch commemorate those who died during the war. Among the living there are many who still have emotional problems due to the war, both in the first generation and the second. In the year 2000, the government was still granting 24,000 people an annual compensatory payment (although this also includes victims from later wars, such as the Korean War).

Documentaries

4th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Brigade Nederland
Dutch resistance
Military history of the Netherlands during World War II
Chronological overview of the liberation of Dutch cities and towns during World War II
Culture of the Netherlands
History of the Netherlands
Military of the Netherlands
The Netherlands
World War II
Jan de Hartog

Sammy Cahn (June 18, 1913 – January 15, 1993) was an award-winning American lyricist, songwriter and musician, best known for his romantic lyrics to tin pan alley and Broadway songs, as recorded by Frank Sinatra, Doris Day and many others. He played the piano and violin.

Biography
He wrote lyrics for many songs, including:
Over the course of his career, he was nominated for 23 Academy Awards, five Golden Globes, and an Emmy.
Broadway musicals

Academy Award winners:

• 1954 – "Three Coins in the Fountain" (music by Jule Styne) introduced by Frank Sinatra in the film Three Coins in the Fountain.
  1957 – "All the Way" (music by James Van Heusen) introduced by Frank Sinatra in the film The Joker Is Wild.
  1959 – "High Hopes" (music by James Van Heusen) introduced by Frank Sinatra and Eddie Hodges in the film A Hole in the Head.
  1963 – "Call Me Irresponsible" (music by James Van Heusen) introduced by Jackie Gleason in the film Papa's Delicate Condition.
  Academy Award nominees:
  
  
  
  • 1942 – "I've Heard That Song Before" (music by Jule Styne) from the film Youth on Parade.
    1944 – "I'll Walk Alone" (music by Jule Styne) from the film Follow the Boys.
    1945 – "Anywhere" (music by Jule Styne) from the film Tonight and Every Night.
    1945 – "I Fall in Love Too Easily" (music by Jule Styne) introduced by Frank Sinatra in the film Anchors Aweigh.
    1948 – "It's Magic" (music by Jule Styne) introduced by Doris Day in the film Romance on the High Seas.
    1949 – "It's a Great Feeling" (music by Jule Styne) introduced by Doris Day in the film It's a Great Feeling.
    1950 – "Be My Love" (music by Nicholas Brodszky) introduced by Mario Lanza and Kathryn Grayson in the film The Toast of New Orleans.
    1951 – "Wonder Why" (music by Nicholas Brodszky) introduced by Jane Powell and Vic Damone in the film Rich, Young and Pretty.
    1952 – "Because You're Mine" (music by Nicholas Brodszky) introduced by Mario Lanza in the film Because You're Mine.
    1955 – "I'll Never Stop Loving You" (music by Nicholas Brodszky) introduced by Doris Day in the film Love Me or Leave Me.
    1955 – "The Tender Trap" (music by James Van Heusen) introduced by Frank Sinatra in the film The Tender Trap.
    Other well-known songs:
    
    
    
    • "Bei Mir Bist du Schoen" (English version, with Saul Chaplin)
      "Come Dance With Me" (with Jimmy Van Heusen)
      "Come Fly with Me" (with James Van Heusen)
      "Day By Day" (with Paul Weston and Axel Stordahl)
      "Five Minutes More" (with Jule Styne)
      "Guess I'll Hang My Tears Out to Dry" (with Jule Styne)
      "I'll Never Stop Loving You" (with Nicholas Brodzsky)
      "I Should Care" (with Paul Weston and Axel Stordahl)
      "I Still Get Jealous" (with Jule Styne)
      "It's Been A Long, Long Time" (with Jule Styne)
      "Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow" (with Jule Styne)
      "Love and Marriage" (with James Van Heusen)
      "Papa, Won't You Dance With Me" (with Jule Styne)
      "Please Be Kind" (with Saul Chaplin)
      "Rhythm Is Our Business" (with Saul Chaplin)
      "Saturday Night Is the Loneliest Night of the Week" (with Jule Styne)
      "Teach Me Tonight" (with Gene DePaul)
      "The Things We Did Last Summer" (with Jule Styne)
      "The Secret of Christmas" (with James Van Heusen)
      "Time After Time" (with Jule Styne)
      "Until the Real Thing Comes Along" (with Saul Chaplin)
      "You're a Lucky Guy" (with Saul Chaplin)
      1947 – High Button Shoes music by Jule Styne
      1965 – Skyscraper music by James Van Heusen
      1966 – Walking Happy music by James Van Heusen
      1970 – Look To The Lilies music by Jule Styne Oz
      
      

Herbert "Herb" Alpert (born March 31, 1935 in Los Angeles, California) is an American musician most associated with the group variously known as Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass or as Herb Alpert's Tijuana Brass or just TJB for short - a now-defunct brass band which he led. He is also famous for being a recording industry executive — he is the "A" of A&M Records (a recording label he and business partner Jerry Moss founded and eventually sold). Alpert's musical accomplishments include five number one hits, twenty-eight albums on the Billboard charts, eight Grammy Awards, fourteen Platinum albums and fifteen Gold albums.

Early life and career
Alpert set up a small recording studio in his garage and had been overdubbing a tune called "Twinkle Star", written by Sol Lake, who would eventually write many of the Brass' original tunes. During a visit to Tijuana, Mexico, Alpert happened to hear a mariachi band while attending a bullfight. Following the experience, Alpert recalled that he was "inspired to find a way to musically express what [he] felt while watching the wild responses of the crowd, and hearing the brass musicians introducing each new event with rousing fanfare." Alpert adapted the trumpet style to the tune, mixed in crowd cheers and other noises to create ambiance, and renamed the song, "The Lonely Bull". He paid out of his own pocket to press the record as a single, and it spread through radio DJs until it caught on and became a Top Ten hit in 1963. He followed up quickly with his debut album, The Lonely Bull by "Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass". The initial version of the Tijuana Brass consisted of studio musicians. The title cut reached #6 on the Billboard Pop Singles Chart. This was also A&M's first album (the original number was 101), but was recorded at Conway Records.
By the end of 1964, due to a growing demand for live appearances by the Tijuana Brass, Alpert auditioned and hired a team of crack session men. No one in Alpert's band was actually Hispanic. Alpert used to tell his audiences that his group consisted of "Three pastramis, two bagels, and an American cheese": John Pisano (electric guitar); Lou Pagani (piano); Nick Ceroli (drums); Pat Senatore (bass guitar); Tonni Kalash (trumpet); Herb Alpert (trumpet and vocal); Bob Edmondson (trombone). The band debuted in 1965 and quickly became one of the highest-paid acts then performing, having put together a complete revue that included choreographed moves and comic routines written by Bill ("Jose Jimenez") Dana.
The Tijuana Brass's success helped spawn other Latin acts, notably Julius Wechter (long-time friend of Alpert's and the marimba player for the Brass) and the Baja Marimba Band, and the profits allowed A&M to begin building a repertoire of artists like Chris Montez and The Sandpipers. Wechter would also contribute a number of the Brass' original songs, usually at least one per album, along with those of other Alpert friends, Sol Lake and Ervan "Bud" Coleman.
In addition, the Tijuana Brass's style was adopted by American bands as well, most notably Chicago and Earth, Wind & Fire. Both bands would score major hits in the 1970s and early 1980s.
An album or two would be released each year throughout the 1960s. Alpert's band was also featured in several TV specials, each one usually centered on visual interpretations of the songs from their latest album - essentially an early version of the kinds of music videos later made famous by MTV.
Alpert's style achieved enormous popularity with the national exposure The Clark Gum Company gave to one of his recordings in 1964, a Sol Lake number titled "The Mexican Shuffle" (which was retitled "The Teaberry Shuffle" for the television ads). In 1965, Alpert released two albums, Whipped Cream (and Other Delights) and Going Places. Whipped Cream sold over 6 million copies in the United States. The album cover is considered a classic. It featured model Dolores Erickson wearing only what appeared to be whipped cream. In reality, Erickson was wearing a white blanket over which were scattered artfully-placed daubs of shaving cream--real whipped cream would have melted under the heat of the studio lights (although the cream on her head is real whipped cream). In concerts, when about to play the song, Alpert would tell the audience, "Sorry, we can't play the cover for you." The art was parodied by several groups including one-time A&M band Soul Asylum[1] and by comedian Pat Cooper for his album Spaghetti Sauce and Other Delights.The singles included the title cut, "Lollipops and Roses", and "A Taste of Honey." The latter won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. Going Places produced four more singles: "Tijuana Taxi", "Spanish Flea", "Third Man Theme", and "Zorba the Greek".
The Brass also covered the Bert Kaempfert tune "The Happy Trumpet" retitling it "Magic Trumpet". Alpert's rendition contained a bar that coincided with a Schlitz beer tune, "When you're out of Schlitz, you're out of beer". ("The Maltese Melody" was another Alpert cover of a Kaempfert original). Another commercial use was a tune called "El Garbanzo", which was featured in some Sunoco ads ("They're movin', they're movin', people in the know, they're movin' to Sunoco").
In 1967, the TJB did the title cut to the first movie version of Casino Royale.
Many of the tracks from Whipped Cream and Going Places received a great deal of airplay, and still do at times; for example, they are frequently used as incidental music in The Dating Game on the Game Show Network, notably the tracks Whipped Cream, Spanish Flea and Lollipops and Roses. Despite the popularity of his singles, Alpert's albums outsold and outperformed them on the charts.
Alpert and the Tijuana Brass won six Grammy awards. Fifteen of their albums won gold discs, and fourteen won platinum discs. In 1966, his music outsold The Beatles by two to one - over 13 million Alpert recordings were sold. That same year, the Guinness Book of World Records recognized that Alpert set a new record by placing five albums simultaneously on the Billboard Pop Album Chart, an accomplishment that has never been repeated. In April of that year, four of those albums were in the Top 10 simultaneously.
The dearth of in-depth, unauthorized biographical/historical material on Alpert is somewhat curious given that so much has been written about the only three recording artists who outsold him in the 1960s - Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, and the Beatles. This is perhaps explained by the apparent lack of any outrageous, dramatic, or tragic elements in his life. There were, however, hundreds of articles written about Alpert by mainstream general and music newspapers and magazines.
Alpert's only number one single during this period (and the first #1 hit for his A&M label) was a solo effort[2]: "This Guy's in Love with You" (written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David), featuring a rare vocal. Alpert sang this to his first wife in a 1968 CBS Television special titled Beat of the Brass. The sequence was taped on the beach in Malibu. The song was not intended to be released, but after it was used in the television special, thousands of telephone calls to CBS asking about it, convinced label owner Alpert to release it as a single, two days after the show aired.[3]. Alpert's vocal skills were limited, but this song also had a limited range, and it worked for him. The single debuted in April 1968, topped the national chart for four weeks and ranked high among the year's biggest hits. Initially dismissed by the critical cognoscenti and "hip" music-lovers as strictly a housewife's favorite, Alpert's unusually expressive recording of "This Guy's in Love with You" is now regarded as one of the monumental ballads in pop. In 1996 at London's Royal Festival Hall, Noel Gallagher (of British rock band Oasis) performed the song with Burt Bacharach.

The Tijuana Brass years
Alpert disbanded the Tijuana Brass in 1969, but released another album by the group in 1971. In 1973, with some of the original Tijuana Brass members and some new members, he formed a group called the T.J.B. This new version of the Brass released two albums in 1974 and 1975 and toured. Alpert reconvened a third version of the Brass in 1984 after being invited to perform for the Olympic Games athletes at the Los Angeles Summer Games. The invitation led to the Bullish album and tour.
In the 1970s, '80s, and '90s, Alpert enjoyed a successful solo career. He had his biggest instrumental hit, "Rise" (from the album of the same name), which went number one in October of 1979 and won a Grammy Award, and was later sampled in the 1997 rap song "Hypnotize" by the late rapper Notorious B.I.G. It also made Alpert the only solo artist ever to hit #1 on the Billboard charts with both vocal and instrumental pieces. In 1987, he branched out successfully to the R&B world with hit album Keep Your Eye On Me, teaming up with producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis on "Diamonds" and "Making Love In the Rain" featuring vocals by Janet Jackson and Lisa Keith. The song "Route 101" peaked at number 37 in Billboard in August 1982.
From 1962 through 1992 Alpert signed artists to A&M Records and produced records. He discovered the West Coast band We Five. Among the notable artists he worked with personally are Chris Montez, The Carpenters, Sergio Mendes and Brasil '66, Bill Medley, Lani Hall (Alpert's second and current wife), and Janet Jackson (featured vocalist on his 1987 hit single "Diamonds"). These working relationships have allowed Alpert to become one of only a handful of artists to place singles in the Top 10 in at least three different decades ('60s, '70s, and '80s).
Alpert and A&M Records partner Jerry Moss received a Grammy Trustees Award in 1997 for their lifetime achievements in the recording industry as executives.
For his contribution to the recording industry, Herb Alpert has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6929 Hollywood Blvd. Moss also has a star on the Walk of Fame. Alpert and Moss were also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 13, 2006 as non-performer lifetime achievers for their work at A&M.

Life after the Brass
Alpert continues to play his trumpet and devotes time to his second career as an abstract expressionist painter and sculptor with shows around the United States, as a Broadway theatre producer. His production of Tony Kushner's Angels in America won a Tony award.
In the 1980s he created The Herb Alpert Foundation and the Alpert Awards in the Arts[4] with The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts). The Foundation supports youth and arts education as well as environmental issues and helps fund the PBS series "Bill Moyers on Faith and Reason."
He has provided funding for the culture jamming activists known as the Yesmen.
Although he has not released an album of new material since 1999's "Herb Alpert and Colors", he is actively overseeing the reissue of his music library. In 2000, Alpert bought back the rights to his music from Universal Music (current owners of A&M Records), and began remastering his albums for CD reissue. In 2005, Shout! Factory began distributing digitally remastered versions of Alpert's A&M output, including a new album, Lost Treasures, consisting of unreleased material from Alpert's Tijuana Brass years. In the spring of 2006, a remixed version of the Whipped Cream album, entitled Whipped Cream and Other Delights: Re-Whipped was released and climbed to #5 on the Billboard Contemporary Jazz chart.
He continues to be a guest artist for friends like Gato Barbieri, Rita Coolidge, Jim Brickman, Brian Culbertson and David Lanz.
His songs have been in various TV shows such as Saturday Night Live.
Alpert was also credited with an acting role in the Beastie Boys music video, "Ch-Check It Out," although he did not appear.
Apart from the reissues, the Christmas Album continues to be available every year during the holiday season.

Today

The song "Tijuana Taxi" is played in an episode of The Simpsons where Bart assumes that the family misses him when he is forced to be 200 feet away from Lisa, but inside the house, Marge, Homer, Lisa, and even Maggie, are "celebrating" by playing "Tijuana Taxi". At the very end of the episode, where everything is back to the way it was, the family, minus Bart again, plays this song again outside in the backyard, while Bart chases an animal around. The song also features in another episode when Mr. Burns gives testimony in a civil trial.
"Spanish Flea" is played in another episode of The Simpsons to which Homer sings along in his car while waiting for Bart to emerge from a Spinal Tap concert. This song has appeared in 4 other times in 4 other episodes of the show.
Some of "Spanish Flea" is played in American Pie 2 in a scene at the band camp by a senior member of the camp on a trumpet.
In the King of Queens, Carrie's father Arthur dances to the song "Tijuana Taxi" as the record Carrie replaced (she had broken her father's Herb Alpert "South of the Border" record 15 years ago) plays on the record player. He dances at the very end of the episode.
The Song 'Rise' is used as the main hook for the The Notorious B.I.G. single 'Hypnotise'
English Association Football League One team Leyton Orient (from East London) run out at the start of each match to the strains of "Tijuana Taxi." This is a tradition dating back to the late 1960s of unknown/uncertain origin.
The song 'Beanbag' is best remembered in the UK as the theme music to the long running British physical game show It's A Knockout.
The Cover & Title of Soul Asylum's 1989 album Clam Dip & Other Delights is a parody of Herb Alpert & The Tijuana Brass's Whipped Cream & Other Delights.
The track, Tijuana Taxi, can also be heard on an episode of 'Just Shoot Me', as Dennis commits a number of mischievous deeds.
Herb makes a cameo appearance in the Jeff Beck music video Ambitious.
In the movie Matchstick Men (film), the Nicholas Cage character is playing the song "The Lonely Bull."
"Casino Royale Theme" is featured on Saturday Night Live during the guest appearance of Peyton Manning. Herb Alpert and his Music in Modern Culture

Herb Alpert

20th century brass instrumentalists
List of trumpeters
List of number-one hits (United States)
List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)
List of Number 1 Dance Hits (United States)
List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart

Robert "Bertie" Auld (born April 23, 1938 in Maryhill, Glasgow) is a Scottish former football player and manager, most notable as member of Celtic's Lisbon Lions side of 1967.
Auld first joined Celtic in March 1955 from local side Maryhill Harp, where he was converted from a fullback into a winger. However his headstrong character and poor discipline impeded his progress and after spending a season on loan to Dumbarton, he was sold to Birmingham City in 1961 for £15,000. With the Midlands club he won a League Cup medal in 1963, as well as appearing in the final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, where Birmingham were beaten 4-2 on aggregate by A.S. Roma.
In 1965 Auld returned to Celtic in a £12,000 deal, possibly on the initiative of Jock Stein. No longer considered a winger, he now formed a partnership with Bobby Murdoch and provided the midfield muscle for the team. He became an integral part of the side that won nine League titles, as well as the 1967 European Cup. Prior to the final, against Italian giants Internazionale, Auld instigated a rendition of The Celtic Song whilst in the tunnel, much to the bemusement of the Inter players.
Auld left Celtic again in 1971 this time joining Hibernian on a free transfer. While at Easter Road he combined his playing role with one as a trainer, eventually focusing solely on the latter role. He started a career as a manager in 1974, when appointed by Partick Thistle, where he would stay for 6 seasons. He returned to Edinburgh as Hibs manager in 1980, in an attempt to revive the club following their relegation in the 1979-80 season. He succeeded in this end but was replaced by Pat Stanton in 1982. He then briefly managed Hamilton Academical before returning to manage Partick for a second time between 1983 and 1986. His final appointment was with Dumbarton.
The former midfielder is now a regular guest on the official television channel of Celtic FC: Celtic TV. He is renowned for his quick wit, and willingness to 'go against the grain' when commenting on club affairs.
Auld earned 3 caps for Scotland between 1959 and 1960.